Chinggis
Khan’s unique rise to power was the driving force behind his ruthlessness; he
had a no-holds-bar approach to running an empire. Throughout his childhood he
witnessed countless betrayal to his family members by those who they trusted,
some were even family. This caused him to not judge loyalty by blood but by
ones actions, how far were they willing to go in order to prove their
faithfulness to the Khan?
Chinggis
built the Mongol Empire on personal loyalty. Family was not defined by
biological standards but by ones actions. His reign was fierce, an extreme tough
leader whose warrior charisma defined him and propelled him into an elite
category of emperors. His Nomadic background shaped his politics and policies,
but he constantly pushed those policies and his people to their limit in hopes
of building a greater empire. There were no exceptions in Chinggis’ empire, he
killed or threatened of his close relatives who defied him or tried to abuse
their status. He was a ruthless leader, who rewarded his soldiers for their merciless
behavior if it was for the good of the empire. He defined family by those
willing to go above and beyond for the betterment of the empire, thus calling
his soldiers his brothers. His willingness to do whatever it took to be great
was evident throughout his reign, he once said, “The Greatest happiness is to
scatter your enemy, to drive him before you, to see his cities reduced to
ashes, to see those who live him shrouded in tears, and to gather into your
bosom his wives and daughters.” (Khan, Bibliography)
Chinggis
is considered a great leader because he took rival steppe tribes and turned
them into a booming empire that at one point had control over almost all of
Eurasia. No steppe people had accomplished anything even remotely close to what
Chinggis started and his successors ultimately finished. He united these
rivalry tribes who himself had once been a part of by selling them on loyalty
and its importance. In order to sustain their “loyalty”, he integrated an extremely
structured military to uphold the new laws he had established and ensure all
the newly converted Mongols were fully committed to the empire.
Chinggis united the
steppe people in a way no other emperor before him had. His charisma and general
like leadership compelled the people to follow him and join the Mongol empire.
He used his tough background to guide his reign and ultimately overtake many states
and integrate them into the empire. No component was more important to Chinggis’
success than loyalty, his empire thrived on it and he accepted nothing less as
an emperor.
Reflecting on Chinggis Khan's immense personal charisma is fascinating, but it makes the Mongols somewhat difficult to fit into a general schema of empires. They end up seeming exceptional in so many ways. I wonder whether it is better to regard them as exceptional or seek to reframe their story around continuities with their contemporaries?
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